Raman Effect

Raman Effect Raman scatteringor theRaman effect(/? r m? n/) is theinelastic scatteringof aphoton. It was discovered bySir Chandrasekhara Venkata RamanandKariamanickam Srinivasa Krishnanin liquids,1and byGrigory LandsbergandLeonid Mandelstamin crystals. 23 Whenlightis mixed-upfrom anatomormolecule, mostphotonsareelastically scattered(Rayleigh scattering), such that the scattered photons have the same energy (frequency) andwavelengthas the incident photons.However, a small fraction of the scattered light (approximately 1 in 10 million photons) is scattered by an excitation, with the scattered photons having a frequency different from, and usually lower than, the frequency of the incident photons. 4In a gas, Raman scattering tolerate occur with a change in vibrational or rotational energy of a molecule (seeenergy level). Chemists are concerned primarily with the vibrational Raman effec Hargobind Khorana Indian-bornAmericanbiochemist who shared theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1968 withMarshall W.NirenbergandRobert W. Holleyfor research that helped to show how thenucleotidesinnucleic acids, which carry thegenetic codeof the mobile phone, control the cells synthesis of proteins. Subramanian Chandrasekhar was anIndianastrophysicistwho, withWilliam A. Fowler, won the 1983Nobel Prize for Physicsfor key discoveries that led to the currently accepted theory on the later evolutionary stages of capacious stars. 34Chandrasekhar was the nephew ofSir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930.J. C Bose was aBengalipolymath aphysicist,biologist,botanist,archaeologist, as well as an early writer ofscience fiction. 5He pioneered the investigation ofradioandmicrowaveoptics, made very significant contributions toplant science, and laid the foundations ofexperimentalsciencein theIndian subcontinent. 6IEEEnamed him one of thefathersofradioscience. 7He is also considered the father ofBengali science fiction. He was the first person from theIndian subcontinentto receive aUS patent, in 1904.